【它山之石】基于备课组内涵发展的教科研方略
南京市三星级高中暨郊县高中高三英语教学研讨会讲座稿
发布时间:2013/1/24 17:35:03 作者:z1040001 浏览量:1062次
南京市三星级高中暨郊县高中高三英语教学研讨会讲座稿
基于备课组内涵发展的教科研方略
南京市下关区教研室 魏玉平
2012.10.29.
一、指导思想
《义务教育英语课程标准(2011版)》明确了英语课程工具性与人文性的统一,根据该标准对教学实践的引领,英语课程的背景从一纲、一标一本和预设本位转向了一纲、一标多本和生成本位(且不论及地方指导性教学要求)。教科研主体从课程的执行者已转变为课程的参与者、协调者和建设者。教科研的取向从教学操作的熟练化转向了教科研运作的常态化。教科研重心从对教材与教法的研究转向了对学习文化与生态建设的拓展。教科研流程从自下而上的任务布置转向了上下合作的自主研究。教科研评价从关注活动的形式与任务的完成转向了对过程的体验与品位的提升。
二、备课组内涵发展的要义
备课组是信息交流的立交桥、群策群力的起跑线、情智交融的汇合点和专业发展的加油站。备课组活动应该是具有文化价值表征且动态生成的。活动应该以改进实践为目的,基于共同的志趣、针对学情的关注,把日常教育教学过程中的个性化问题,提炼成一个个专题项目进行系统研究,围绕关键问题或主要矛盾进行主题探究和情感投入的互动,牵一发而动全身,旨在寻求解决问题的方法与策略、多维目标的达成和实效教研活动后的改进。备课组内涵发展的要义是有利于教师的发展、有利于学生的成长。
三、实施方略
备课组,校本教研的一个个鲜活的细胞,其内涵的发展,也是行动研究,具有合作性、反思性和递进性。在行动研究中,形成合作的共同体,这就要求全组成员要有“共识” 、“共担”和“共生”意识:
1、 共识
教研方略(过程推进和动态发展)
“过程推进”涵盖三个阶段:(1)建立教研制度 教研制度要有具操作性的教
研规划,要有浓厚的校本教研文化要素,如理念、形式、内容、性质等,要渗透着本校的文化内涵和价值取向,要围绕学生的发展需求,选择和组织适合学生成长的经验,在行动中建构。(2)开展教研活动 备课组教研活动的主要内容有“研、教、训、评”四个方面,其中,“研”字当先,备课组对教学实践中可能或已经出现的问题进行归纳、总结,提炼成专项研究课题,借助专家或教研员的引领,通过同事互动、自我反思和共同研讨,以“教”为改进的实施载体,提高“教”的质量和“研”的水平。“教”是关键,是共同提高实践技能和教学实效的主要手段。备课组就不同教师的同一主题、同一教师的不同主题或不同教师的不同主题所开设的常态课、公开课、研讨课或探索课等进行观摩、分析、评价和比照,提出建议和改进措施等。(3)评定教研效果 评定要兼顾到过程性和形成性,重在深化对教研改进和教研规范的思考。
“动态发展”是一个不断循环的过程。以备课组为基本单位的校本教研本身就存在着发生、发展、沉淀、更新、权衡和重建的动态变因。备课组之间以及备课组成员之间发展的差异性表现在多方面,如专业能力、性格类型、实践性知识、发展基础等。还有,许多农村中学和城区薄弱学校的发展规划颇具阶段性和时效性,始终基于对协调推进学校发展现状和社会发展需求的思考。所以这些差异性都决定了校本教研必须是动态发展的。
教学方略(教学设计、调控策略、教学反思和互动课堂)
教学设计,要为生成进行动态的预设,这不是一条路,而是条条大路通罗马
的预设。预设要基于学情,根据时间进行灵活的调整,要尽可能达到对学生的突然生成起到课外延伸的作用。
调控策略,教师对课堂教学进行适时的调整,可以是教学流程的变换,可以
是探究主题的替换,也可以是课堂环节的推进;面对师生的课堂生成,要以促进本课教学目标的正确达成为调控契机。
教学反思,是教师的职业习惯。教师应该是“反思性实践者”要从每一节课
做起,从自己的和身边的小问题做起。在备课组教研活动时,组员倾述自己的所想、所思、所悟和所困,和同仁一起分享,进行思想的碰撞,进而做到:每位成员带着问题和反思而来,带着收获、感悟和启发而归。
互动课堂 实效的课堂互动反映了教师的课改理念落实与否,与教师的素养
高低、对教材的深入理解与否以及师生关系的和谐程度有着直接的联系。实效的课堂互动必须紧紧围绕文本进行富有英语味儿的活动,需要教师提出富有价值的问题,作为展开教学活动的路径。实效的课堂互动需要教师对课堂教学活动做出宏观、立体的科学预设。实效的课堂互动需要实际意义的内容和丰富多样的形式。
2、 共担(学习策略、自我与互助反思策略及团队研究策略)
“共担”是备课组每个成员的基本责任和义务。校本教研所采用的共担策略
大致包括以下几点:
学习策略
教师学习,通常是教师在一定时段内围绕某一主题、专题或问题所进行的学习活动。在教师的具体的学习实践中,学习策略涉及到:
猎求方法 针对自己的问题解决所带来的困惑,阅读相关的学习材料,从中习得一般性问题的解决策略,猎求解决问题的路径和方法。
实证研究 在学中做,在做中学。借助归因分析,运用相关的理论来求证和改进自身的教学实践。备课组成员始终保持理性的思辨与实证之间的张力。通过评定,既能改善行为,又能提升理性认识,共同建设实践型的学习共同体。
自我与互助反思策略
自我反思,是教师个体化开发的重要渠道。教师要善于捕捉自己感到成功和欠缺的教学现象,细致地加以描绘,揣摩课堂预设目标与实际教学效果之间的差距。对照课程实施理念,追问问题成因,寻求行为支撑,参照相关教学理论,用倡导的、坦诚的心态进行自我调节。
互助反思,教师针对自身不能发现的问题,同伴、教研员、专家等一起反馈教学实况,以问谈的方式,引发执教者进行深层思考。
团队研究策略
同伴日常研讨,共同攻关,研究典型个案,进行归类分析,针对共性的问题,借助观摩和例析,共商解决办法。
3、 共生(主体生成和自我提升策略)
“主体生成”经历四个过程:(1)内功 备课组组员对基于学情的教科研活动的意义、目标、理念、路径、规划和价值的认知与悟彻。(2)内驱 组员自觉地执行教研制度,选择恰当的行为方式,逐步提升自身的专业能力。 (3)内化 组员加深对教研意义和价值的理解和认同,减少或降低心理消极暗示,默契配合教研规范,积极融合到教研目标之中。 (4)内生 组员在备课组活动中,聚焦学生的成长与发展,共享智慧、成功和快乐,加快自身专业发展的速度,需求不断增长,螺旋式形成更高层次的体验和感悟。
自我提升策略,经常撰写教学叙事,是教师自我提升的有效方式,择取和记录下自己典型教学事件的真实经历和思考,如教学的场景、冲突的处理、得失的归因等。
四、实施方略例探
1. 上海市“因班施教、一课多上”研讨课项目
上海市松谊中学陈辉团队在英语组推行的“因班施教、一课多上”的研讨课
项目,有效地促进了英语教学的持续发展,提升了英语组教师的整体素质,有力地推动了英语校本教研的发展。
在实际探索中,他们的实施模式是一种由不同的教师根据不同班级的实际情况就同一教学内容进行课堂教学研讨的校本教研新方式。因班施教,一课多上,谋求通过不同的教师上课来整合有限的师资力量。他们构筑一个互动的教研平台,让同一备课组内的教师在其中进行碰撞、切磋和交流,以课堂教学为研讨对象,通过落实“备—讲—听—评”四个环节,达到建构实效课堂教学新模式的目的。实施框架如下:
教研活动一:分析班级情况,确定研究着眼点,设计大教案,分头备课,分析学生,确定教学方法,落实研究内容,设计小教案。
教研活动二:安排上课时间和上课顺序。
教研活动三:一位教师上课,全组其他教师听课,全程录像。
教研活动四:听课教师评课,上课教师反思;定期专家点评,选出优质课型,送区级参评,且资料留存,供下一届教师参考。
在坚持和实践中,他们感受到,“因班施教、一课多上”有利于同步研讨,解决教学中基于学情的共同存在的问题,多方同时参与,与教学进度同步进行,并将新的课程理念迅速应用于课堂教学。“因班施教、一课多上”一体化的研讨方式,有利于互助研讨,提升教师的教学能力。同伴互助是校本教研的核心。教师在自我反思的基础上,开放自己,加强同伴之间的专业切磋、协调合作、共同分享经验和成功,互助学习,彼此支持,在实践和创新中凸显个性和自身特色,形成强大合力,共同成长。“因班施教、一课多上”有利于课例研究,提高教师的研究水平,其所呈现的各具特色的课堂教学实录,为课例研究提供了丰富的鲜活的范本,教师通过对这些课例的研究和探讨,能够逐步揭示一些教学现象背后的真相、性质和规律,突破感性,跃达理性,为构建新的教学模式奠定基础。
2. 单词活用检测项目(时段化、制度化)
南京市下关区高一英语学情调查 (百词活用过关检测)
班级 姓名 得分 2010.01.04
一、词块填空(50%)
1. a s (购物) list 2. two nature r (保护区)
3. (不规则的) shapes 4. leave l (垃圾) here and there
5. an ideal s (栖息地) for birds
6. three d (不诚实的)grown-ups 7. an i (不正确的) choice
8. go r (旱)skating 9. a b (乏味的)speech
10. d a healthy diet 11. be a (羞愧) of his behavior
12. his d to the charity 13. fight for f for the blacks
14. (副) effect 15. in the long t (从长远看)
16. have an o (手术) on the patient 17. take w (减肥)pills
18. at normal p (压力) 19, a c (挑战性的) task
20. working and h (住房) condition
21. a (获得) high grades 22. on a (平均)
23. a of (赞成)his opinion
24. make a big d (决定) 25. earlier than e (预期)
26. feel f (灰心) 27. go u (免受惩罚)
28. b (跨越,克服) the generation gap
29. feel e (难为情) about his work
30. be d (渴求)for the ticket 31. look i (调查) the matter
32. large (量) of equipment
33. live in perfect h (和谐) with nature
34. make up the m (大多数) 35. a t (感动的) film
36. result in f (失败) 37. an u (未解释的) reason
38. l (听任) him standing there alone
39. make up for the l (损失) 40. a c (令人信服的) lecture
41. the astonishing s (相似) of the twins
42. be s (强烈) against keeping pets 43. a m (神秘的) fact
44. sit there s (沉默) 45. come into e (出现,形成)
46. a p (困惑) problem 47. gather his s (力)for that
48. travel on (骆驼)
49. make an a (歉意) for his being late
50. in our r (关系) with nature
二、句意填空(50%)
51. Taking food with too much fat is generally considered to be an u diet.
52. I was about to leave w it began to rain.
53. 2012 is a science f film.
54. Gong Li is an e (有经验的) actress, playing many strong Chinese women very well.
55. S is Zhang Haidi, a strong-willed woman with great perseverance, who sets us a good example.
56. We are to take up the struggle a various pollution.
57. Hepburn was h with a number of awards because of her efforts in this field.
58. “Never” is an adverb for f .
59. S (令人惊讶),he didn’t turn up for the anniversary.
60. T (纵贯)her acting years, she acted in only one TV series.
61. He was c (指控) with breaking into several computer systems.
62. Footprints are one of the few pieces of hard e (证据), supporting the existence of Yeti.
63. A large amount of d (毁坏) was done in a short time during the earthquake.
64. Nature has provided Shangri-la with endless treasures, m (使得) the land a happy home for the local people.
65. S (站立) inside were lots of white-skinned ,strange-looking creatures with large black eyes.
66. In this perfect world lived people who had discovered how to s young for ever.
67. The police have not r out (排除) the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens.
68. Six days s (听起来) a long time to be traveling by horse.
69. Each reported sighting produces similar d (描述) of the creature.
70. We’ll live with the local people in their village ,and eat and drink w (一切) they do ,including cow’s blood.
71. You have to wear special clothing, a helmet and a life jacket, in c your raft gets turned upside down or sinks.
72. During the day, we’ll walk across the land, f (沿着) the footprints of big animals.
73. They are still working at the s of the crime to find out whether the victim was killed.
74. If you don’t go to school r (正常),you will not learn your lessons well.
75. He became c (坚信)that they existed while studying the footprints.
76. People have shown a great interest in his d (失踪) due to sighting of puzzling lights in the sky.
77. Though they have been quarreling for a long time ,they haven’t lost their hope for the m (婚姻).
78. In fact, a k (了解) of English is a must in international trade.
79. The police in America have s (加紧) up their search for a 15-year-old boy who went missing two days ago.
80. As a matter of fact, loss of sleep can make you tired, and even c (使得) you to put on weight.
81. I have really r (后悔) not taking my teacher’s advice.
82. It is not how much you read but what you read that c (有价值,取决,有效).
83. Healthy eating, along with regular exercise is the only way to k fit.
84. Many people, some of are not overweight at all, are always going on taking reducing pills.
85. He has even f (禁止) me from meeting my friends on line at the Internet Café.
86. Two hours won’t make a bit of d (区别).
87. At present, in order to prevent u (难过,心烦) his mother with an argument, I’m allowing him his freedom.
88. The money (用) which you are to buy dog food is gone.
89. The room is in a m (糟糕), with pizza boxes and dirty dishes here and there.
90. This means I could get up an hour later than u (平常), as schools in China begin before
91. At the end of the school year, many students who are (毕业) use our club to send messages.
92. His d (醉酒) driving resulted in an accident, causing 10 deaths.
93. I’m c (好奇) about how he’ll deal with it.
94. You can c (要求) your money back if the goods are damaged.
95. It’s of importance that our government s (满足)the basic requirements of the people in the countryside.
96. There was no one a to (照料) him but Helen.
97. The rent is 40 yuan a week, i (含) water and electricity.
98.China is no longer what it u (过去) to be.
99. Whatever you say will not a (影响) my determination.
100. Poets often c death to sleep.
附:百词活用检测参考答案
1. shopping 2 reserves 3.irregular 4.litter 5.shelter 6.dishonest
7.incorrect/improper 8.roller 9.boring 10.develop 11.ashamed
12.donation/devotion 13.freedom/fame 14.side 15.term 16.operation
17.weight-loss 18.pressure 19.challenging 20.housing 21.achieve
22.average 23.approve 24.decision 25.expected 26.frustrated 27.unpunished
28.bridge 29.embarrassed 30.dying 31.into 32.amounts 33.harmony 34.majority 35.touching 36.failure 37.unexplained 38.leave 39.loss
40.convincing 41.similarity/similarities 42.strongly 43.mysterious 44.silently
45.existence 46.puzzling 47.strength 48.camels 49.apology 50.relationship
51.unhealthy 52.when 53.fiction 54.experienced 55.Such 56.against
57.hono(u)red 58.frequency 59.Surprisingly/Shockingly 60.Throughout 61.charged 62.evidence 63.damage/destruction 64.making 65.Standing 66.stay 67.ruled 68.sounds 69.descriptions 70.whatever 71.case 72.following 73.scene/spot 74.regularly 75.convinced 76.disappearance 77.marriage 78.knowledge 79.stepped 80.cause 81.regretted 82.counts
83.keeping 84.whom 85.forbidden 86.difference 87.upsetting 88.with
89.mess 90.usual 91.graduating 92.drunk 93.curious 94.claim
95.satisfy/supply 96.attending 97.including 98.used 99.affect 100.compare
此外,还有“板块磨课”(板块教学方略研讨),南京市下关区教研室与区内高中六个备课组共同承担的国家基础教育实验中心2012-2013年重点课题---“《牛津中学英语》板块教学方略的研究”,南京市教研室近几年开设的“同课异构”研讨课项目,和南京市下关区高中各年级进行的“推磨听课”备课组交流项目等。
联系方式:
210015 江苏省南京市下关区安乐村244号 南京市下关区教育局教研室
电话: 13851535320 18951792168
e-mail: wypnanjing12@163.com